have found radioactive Carbon 14 inside dinosaur and dinosaur era fossils. The pigments included carotenoids and melanins. The evidence found suggests that if … We find heat altered biochemicals in these deposits that indicates that the mud which buried the millions of now fossil organisms found there was very hot. The Lloyds Bank coprolite: fossilized human feces dug up from a Viking site in York, England. Dr. Stanley Miller tried from his time as a doctoral student under Dr. Harold Urey in 1952 until his death in 2007 to fine first a DNA and later an RNA method for abiogenesis and concluded that it was impossible. A fossilized Spartobranchus tenuis from the Burgess shale in Canada. In a 1966 issue of the evolutionary journal Nature electron micrographs of dinosaur tissues were published. SFU researchers discover fossils of predatory worms two metres long and 20 million years old Prehistoric worms lurked in ocean-bottom lairs for prey to come too close Author of the article: 1): 41-46. (Pawlicki and Wowogrodzha-Zagorske, 1998, p. 76). In a 1966 issue of the evolutionary journal, In South Africa, a researcher found and published, In 2013, Chinese researchers found protein inside a bone from a fossil, Pawlicki’s report stated that “the descriptions of the vascular canals in dinosaur bones and the bones of modern reptiles is the same.”. Unmistakable evidence of proteins such as collagen and hemoglobin, along with red blood cells and bone cells, have been found in dinosaur remains and in other fossil organisms. (Cleland, T. P. et al. (Lindgren et al., 2010). It should be impossible to reconstitute and use the ink if it really were as old as evolutionists claim. In 2001, Mark Armitage found and verified fresh-looking tissues in a, Prior to Dr. Mary Schweitzer’s initial finding of, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Thus, when we factor in a biblical approach to the analysis of non-fossilized biological tissues we can easily see how they could be interpreted as being only 4,500 years old. They inhabit tubular structures composed of chitin and fixed to the bottom. Permineralization is a fossil-forming process in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms by filling the spaces within tissue. Favourite Add to Very nice, detailed handmade 70s 1970s wood tear drop drop hanging earrings, vintage earrings stud earrings Coconesse. The formation is dated by evolutionists as supposedly 69 million years old. Mass Spectrometry and Antibody-Based Characterization of Blood Vessels from, Brachylophosaurus canadensis. Like the trunk portion of the body, the roots of the vestimentiferan tubeworms are composed of chitin crystallites, which support and protect the tubeworm from predation and environmental stresses. (Capelini et al., 2012). Creation Research Society Quarterly 38:61-66.) CA$ 16.04. Most siboglinids are less than 1 millimetre (0.04 in) in diameter, but 10–75 centimetres (3.9–29.5 in) in length. The soft material was present in pre- and post-decalcified bone. [8] These clades represent the four tracks evolution has followed within the Siboglinidae. Of course, evolutionary paleontologists had never really actively looked for soft tissues before, or at least if they found them they never published them, because they believed that, according to their theory, no such remains could possibly be found. [5] By examining genetic differences between annelids, a scientific consensus now exists that the Siboglinidae are a family within the order Polychaeta. Two specific kinds of bone cells were discovered. The opisthoma has a coelomic chamber in each of its five to 23 segments, separated by septa. Riftia pachyptila, a vestimentiferan, is known only from the hydrothermal vent systems. How long the roots of the tube worms can grow is unknown, but roots have been recovered longer than 30 m. A single aggregation of tubeworms can contain thousands of individuals, and the roots produced by each tubeworm can become tangled with the roots of neighbouring tubeworms. In 2014, the current record holder for the oldest known original tissue found in fossil materials was found in a Siberian drill core sample of Ediacaran strata, supposedly 635 to 542 million years old on the evolutionary time scale. In 2015, a team of biomedical and geological scientists. CA$ 50.94. [5] Examination of molecular work aligning five genes has made clear that four distinct clades exist within the Siboglinidae. We cannot measure Carbon-14 beyond a supposed 103,000 years. Let's Learn about Fossils with this video. [8] Vestimentiferans live in vent and seep habitats. "Only single worms are found within tubes, suggesting a solitary mode of life," Nanglu added. Riftia pachyptila, a vestimentiferan, is known only from the hydrothermal vent systems. These Carbon-14 tests have. [11] Osedax is a monogeneric clade specialized in living on whale bones, although recently, evidence shows them living on fish bones, as well.[12]. Bobbit worms and their relatives are thought to have existed for a very long time. (Gurley, et al. Bone collagen held at a steady annual temperature of 100 C will completely disintegrate under the best possible preservation conditions after only 300,000 to 900,000 supposed years. Regardless, whether we use the 521 years or less, clearly DNA cannot exist in fossils reputedly multi-million years old. These fossils are claimed to be up to 505 million years old. One of the most interesting recent finds of soft tissue inside of fossil bone was made by Mark Armitage on May 12, 2012. although seldom published because of the secular biases in the scientific journals. Soft tissues have been found in numerous dinosaur and other creature’s fossils, and many of these tissue specimens have been found to contain measurable radiocarbon, Carbon-14. Fossilized Worm tubes Within many of the softer layers of marl between the hard limestone beds in and around Glen Rose (and many other Cretaceous exposures in Texas) are numerous tubular fossils that superficially resemble masses of twisted spaghetti. Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.pdf Available via license: CC BY 4.0 Content may be subject to copyright. It often exhibits grooves parallel to the long axis of the tube, and may be segmented like bamboo. We cannot measure Carbon-14 beyond a supposed 103,000 years. dated as 20,850, 25,550 and 32,420 years old. (Mori, H., et al., A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2015. (Mori, H., et al., A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska. Journal of Proteome Research. The only valid explanation of these fossils is that the tube worms, which we know from living specimens lived at depths of 100 to 10,000 meters in the ocean, obviously would have been amongst the first creatures buried in the global Flood. This is a post about worm holes. The same may be said for trying to date dinosaur fossils using Carbon-14. How the worms instigate their relationship with the bacteria is not completely known. With these factors in mind then, the decay of DNA would be even faster. Bada says: ‘Bones absorb uranium and thorium like crazy. A is of an unknown species, B is identified as the fossil tube worm Treptichnus. 2006. 2011. The fertilised eggs develop within the tubes, and hatch to produce small, ciliated, worm-like larvae. The obturaculum is the first anterior body part. 2015. Yet, it is impossible for biological materials to exist for that time span. The members of this family differ from other sabellid tube worms in that they have a specialized operculum that blocks the entrance of their tubes when they withdraw into the tubes. Zhang et. 1991. Collagen is an essential component of bone, epithelial and other tissues. (67:1097-1100.). Soft tissues have been found in numerous dinosaur and other creature’s fossils, and many of these tissue specimens have been found to contain measurable radiocarbon, Carbon-14. In South Africa, a researcher found and published original color skin pigments from a different Chinese Psittacosaurus. Yet, it is impossible for biological materials to exist for that time span. These findings do not agree with the very slow and gradual “cool” processes indicative of the various evolutionary theories. Remarkably, inside a few of the fossil squid we have been able to recover usable ink from their ink sacs. Amazingly, (of course) the reports in the liberal media fail to mention the “freshness” of the bones. However, these bacteria all play similar roles in sustaining the vestimentiferans. (Buckley, M., and M.J. Collins. Again, in 2015, in a limestone quarry in Spain, a small rat-like mammal fossil was found. This is exactly what we find in the world famous Burgess Shale fossil beds in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia. We now know that DNA, collagen, elastin, and laminin have been authenticated as existing in fossil dinosaur remains as well as in other organisms supposedly predating the dinosaur era on the evolutionary time scale. Also, unlike other siboglinids that never have a digestive tract, they have one that they completely lose during metamorphosis. Journal of Protein Chemistry 10:75-90.) [14] When the host dies, the bacteria are released and return to the free-living population in the seawater.[15]. Can short-lived biochemicals and soft tissue be found in reputedly millions of year old remains? 2003. The obturaculum is the first anterior body part. This should be impossible as Carbon 14 residues supposedly cannot be measured beyond 103,000 years old. Dr. Mary Schweitzer sequenced collagen protein found in a dinosaur fossil bone at Hell Creek, Montana. Observed within the matrix were visible bone cells (osteocytes). Tubeworms anchor themselves to the substratum of the hydrocarbon seep by roots located at the basal portion of their bodies. Yet, one Siberian mammoth bone yielded 126 protein types. [7][8][9] The clades are vestimentiferans, Sclerolinum, frenulates, and Osedax. These tubeworms build the external chitin structure themselves by secreting chitin from specialized glands located in their body walls. If the evolutionary dating were correct, these bones could not possibly be unfossilized for 69 million years. The same may be said for trying to date dinosaur fossils using Carbon-14. Fossilized external tubes were once the only remains of cloudinomorphs that could hint at what phylum they belonged to until the preserved guts surfaced. The main trunk of the body bears wing-like extensions, the vestimentum, from which their name is derived. These tubeworms are one of the most dominant organisms associated with the hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean. The horn contained several small sheets of lamellar bone matrix that had become part of the solid bone horn. On the evolutionary time scale, the Mesozoic era is supposedly 250 to 65 million years ago. Great hostility has been directed by evolutionists toward their fellow evolutionists who dared to publish these legitimate findings. Yes, they can! But, according to evolutionists, the rocks that these fossils were found in are millions of years old. [17] These mats of roots are known as "ropes", and travel down the tubes of dead tubeworms, and run through holes in rocks. While making recent presentations, I have been receiving more and more questions about whether or not we have found any more soft tissue or flesh in fossils since Dr. Mary Schweitzer found, such findings were made long before Dr. Schweitzer’s, according to their theory, no such remains could possibly be found. He says the cellular material Schweitzer found must be contamination from outside sources ... radiation would have degraded it’s body. In 2011, a fossil fish from the Green River Formation in Wyoming, and claimed to be 49 to 50 million years old, was radiocarbon, Mummified wood found on Axel Heiberg Island in 1986, and claimed to be Eocene (34 to 56 million years old) was radiocarbon, Three hadrosaur fossil bones from the Hell Creek Formation and neighboring Lance Formation, supposedly 66 to 100 million years old have been radiocarbon. In the case of these tube worm casings, the researchers ruled out preservation by different forms of mineralization. The anterior end is called the cephalic lobe, which bears from one to over 200 thin branchial ciliated tentacles, each bearing tiny side branches known as pinnules. Dr. Mary Schweitzer sequenced collagen protein found in a dinosaur fossil bone at Hell Creek, Montana. A new species of Osedax from the shallow north Atlantic", "A remarkable diversity of bone-eating worms (Osedax; Siboglinidae; Annelida)", "Not whale-fall specialists, Osedax worms also consume fishbones", "Metagenomic investigation of vestimentiferan tubeworm endosymbionts from Mid-Cayman Rise reveals new insights into metabolism and diversity", "Endosymbionts escape dead hydrothermal vent tubeworms to enrich the free-living population", "Roots as a site of hydrogen sulphide uptake in the hydrocarbon seep vestimentiferan, "On some frenulate species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Siboglinidae) from mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siboglinidae&oldid=1009204235, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 February 2021, at 08:57. They do not look for what they believe does not exist. From their openings on the surface of the seafloor, they would have run more or less straight down into the muck. A six-foot prehistoric worm with powerful jaws that leapt out of tunnels on the seabed and snapped fish in half 20 million years ago has been unearthed in Taiwan. The Serpulidae are a family of sessile, tube-building annelid worms in the class Polychaeta. The fossil had well-preserved internal organs. Astonishingly, the researchers admitted that the bones were “unpermineralized”, meaning that the bones were basically “fresh” bones. The reed-like Calamites occur in Kentucky's two coal fields. This is why you cannot get the truth from evolutionary “consensus scientists”. (Embery, et al. In 2013, Chinese researchers found protein inside a bone from a fossil Lugengosaurus embryo. Their bodies are divided into four regions; the obturaculum, vestimentum, trunk, and opisthosome. Antiqua 1:e1.). (Lingham-Soliar and Plodowski, 2010). Mummified wood found on Axel Heiberg Island in 1986, and claimed to be Eocene (34 to 56 million years old) was radiocarbon dated as 39,720 old. According to the report on the find it pushed back the record for well-preserved organs, fur and skin “by more than 60 million years.” More importantly, the organs were exactly the same as mammals alive today. One is reminded that all secular experiments trying to prove that life could form by abiogenesis - rocks/chemicals becoming alive by random chance - have utterly failed. Fossil tree roots called Stigmaria, occur in Kentucky's two coal fields. (Buckley, M., and M.J. Collins. (Schweitzer, 2009). the current record holder for the oldest known original tissue found, One of the most interesting recent finds of soft tissue inside of fossil bone was made by Mark Armitage on May 12, 2012. 2015. Jeffrey Bada, an organic geochemist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, cannot imagine soft tissue surviving millions of years. There was no sign of permineralization in the tissues. Schweitzer’s team imaged proteins specific to vertebrates. [4], Siboglinids are dioecious, with one gonad on each side of the trunk, within the body cavity. This poses a serious problem for evolutionists and their beloved time-lines. Yet, reports of DNA from dinosaur fossils and other remains of even “older” materials continue to be reported, although seldom published because of the secular biases in the scientific journals. Ceramic Sparrow Pendant with hanging Kauai fossilized Tube worm & Coral Moonlilee. Yet according to evolutionists the fossil was 125 million years old. [1][2] They are composed of about 100 species of vermiform creatures and live in thin tubes buried in sediments (Pogonophora) or in tubes attached to hard substratum (Vestimentifera) at ocean depths from 100 to 10,000 m (300 to 32,800 ft). This is a world famous area for finding fossil dinosaur remains. Can short-lived biochemicals and soft tissue be found in reputedly millions of year old remains? (Lingham-Soliar, 2008). Connective Tissue Research 44(suppl. The diameter and wall thickness of the tubeworm roots do not appear to change with distance from the trunk portion of the tubeworm's body. Yet, reports of DNA from dinosaur fossils and other remains of even “older” materials continue to be reported. (Reisz et al., 2013). Regardless, whether we use the 521 years or less. Endosymbionts have a wide variety of metabolic genes, which may allow them to switch between autotrophic and heterotrophic methods of nutrient acquisition. This research was published in the most prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Akiyama, M. et al. a duck-billed dinosaur supposedly 80 million years old. clearly DNA cannot exist in fossils reputedly multi-million years old. Why is this important? The animal contains features of modern acorn worms and modern tube worms called pterobranches. One gram of trophosome tissue can contain one billion bacteria. Since evolutionary believing scientists “know” that dinosaur bones are too old (65 million or more years) for Carbon-14 to exist in fossil remains, they had never bothered to test for Carbon-14 in dinosaur bones - they didn’t want to spend the money for a test that they “knew” would find nothing. [10] Sclerolinum is a monogeneric clade living on organic-rich remains. The horn contained several small sheets of lamellar bone matrix that had become part of the solid bone horn. [5] However, some fossils of crystallized tubes are attributed to early Siboglinidae dating back to 500 Mya. The fossil showed the sea worm lived inside a sophisticated tube-like structure that served as a protective house. yielded dates of only 18,000 to 50,000 thousands of years old. The ends were sealed off, making life inside a rather lonely experience. These Carbon-14 tests have yielded dates of only 18,000 to 50,000 thousands of years old. [5] Their bodies are divided into four regions; the obturaculum, vestimentum, trunk, and opisthosome. In 2015, a team of biomedical and geological scientists found 10 proteins, including myosin, actin, tubulin, histone H2A and tropomyosin, in a fossil hadrosaurid, a duck-billed dinosaur supposedly 80 million years old. In addition, serpulids secrete tubes of calcium carbonate. [3], Their bodies are divided into four regions. Posterior to the trunk is the short metamerically segmented opisthosoma, bearing external paired chaetae, which apparently help to anchor the animal to the base of its tube. Yet, these molecules and structures could not possibly have lasted for even one million supposed years under even the best of preservation conditions. Why? It contains large amounts of meat, pollen grains, cereal bran, and many eggs of whipworm and maw-worm (intestinal parasites). Why is this important? [3], The family Siboglinidae has been difficult to place in an evolutionary context. What about whole soft tissues found in supposedly ancient remains? We must remember, too, that during the Flood of Noah the water coming up from below was in the area of between 4000 F and 9000 F. This hot water would have caused far faster biochemical decay in sedimentary layers than today’s climate would indicate. For more videos go to:https://www.youtube.com/user/learningjunctionThanks for watching Clearly evolutionary time frames are utterly false! Behind this is a glandular forepart, which helps to secrete the tube. Most fossils are four or more centimeters in diameter, and generally tens of centimeters in length. Schweitzer’s dangerous discovery. He published excellent micrographs of the bone tissues. The heat of the waters of Noah’s Flood would also have “cooked” biological materials into carbonaceous residues. The main part of the body is the trunk, which is greatly elongated and bears various annuli, papillae, and ciliary tracts. It is on display at the Jorvik Centre in … (CN) — A large, fossilized marine burrow dating to about 20 million years ago was likely home to giant, ambush-predator worms, according to research published Thursday. This is exactly what we find in the world famous Burgess Shale fossil beds in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia. Astonishingly, the researchers admitted that the bones were “unpermineralized”, meaning that. scientists from the University of Alaska uncovered a new species of hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) in the Liscomb bone bed, Prince Creek formation, on the North Slope. (Mori, H., et al., A new Arctic hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2015. The findings could lead to new … Because evolution is a religion not science. This is simply another in a long line of serious challenges to evolutionary beliefs. These are serpulid worm tubes--the preserved remains of the slime-lined burrows of ancient worms. Opponents say, ‘I just don’t believe it.’ She was having a hard time publishing in journals. You’ve got an internal dose that will wipe out biomolecules. The half-life is probably much shorter as their method of dating used evolutionary assumptions and the disproven Carbon 14 dating technique. Indeed, in 1980 Ralph Wyckoff wrote in Biochemistry of Amino Acids (p. 19) that “work with dinosaur remains demonstrated that enough protein for analysis could often be recovered from bones and teeth as old as the Jurassic.” According to the evolutionary dating scale that would be between 208 to 144 million supposed years ago. Soft fibrillar bone tissue was discovered inside the fossil brow horn of a Triceratops horridus. In addition, for Carbon 14 to be found in fossils requires that organic, soft tissues, be present in the specimen. Discovery of the hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific Ocean was quickly followed by the discovery and description of new vestimentiferan tubeworm species. New study finds Colorado fossils previously identified as tube worms are actually ancient methane venting structures. What about whole soft tissues found in supposedly ancient remains? There were even multiple layers of intact bone cells including elegant filipodial interconnections and obvious secondary branching. Because evolution is a religion not science. Discover, April 27, 2006.). Not the physics kind, but the kind an unknown predator bored into the tubes of fossil annelids. Yet, evolutionists steadfastly dogmatically believe by faith that such a mechanism did occur in the past, but they do not have one shred of evidence to support it in the present. No recognizable proteins should exist in these layers. The fossil was assigned to the Jurassic era by evolutionists, supposedly 200 to 145 million years old. Could this be the reason that in her article on finding soft osteocytes (bone cells) Schweitzer (2013) and her team noted finding “chemical signatures” matching DNA in a supposedly 65 to 145 million year old Cretaceous T. rex fossil bone, rather than actually sequencing the DNA? The showy Christmas tree worm is a sessile tube worm. The soft material was present in pre- and post-decalcified bone. The formation is dated by evolutionists as supposedly 69 million years old. "A cladistic analysis of Siboglinidae Caullery, 1914 (Polychaeta, Annelida): formerly the phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera", "New Perspectives on the Ecology and Evolution of Siboglinid Tubeworms", "Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura", "World-wide whale worms? In opposition to the prediction of Charles Darwin, that no entirely soft tissue organism could be fossilized, we have found, Last, but hardly least and equally important, we. Pawlicki’s report stated that “the descriptions of the vascular canals in dinosaur bones and the bones of modern reptiles is the same.” This is simply another in a long line of serious challenges to evolutionary beliefs. The heat of the waters of Noah’s Flood would also have “cooked” biological materials into carbonaceous residues. al., 2020 Grooves in the brachiopod's shell show that the parasites lived on their exterior , … Real scientists look for what has not yet been discovered and then publish the results in order to increase the total body of knowledge and thereby benefit everyone. [16] Intact tubeworm roots have proven very difficult to obtain for study because they are extremely delicate, and often break off when a tubeworm is removed from hypothermal vent regions. Actually, such findings were made long before Dr. Schweitzer’s famous discoveries in Montana, and they are continuing to be found at a faster and faster rate as paleontologists start to actively look for them. Mass Spectrometry and Antibody-Based Characterization of Blood Vessels from Brachylophosaurus canadensis. These structural chitin polysacchrides could not possibly survive a period of over 500 million years without total molecular breakdown. The trove of tube worm fossils was clustered near a cold seep, where gases and fluids escape from the seafloor. They found collagen, elastin and laminin. We have been finding them for years! At some point, the fossil record suggests that acorn worms underwent a transition, leaving their tubes and instead opting for … The bacteria appear to colonize the host animal larvae after they have settled on a surface, entering them through their skin. The sulfides are metabolized by symbiotic hydrogen sulfide- or methane-oxidizing bacteria living in an internal organ, the trophosome. The organism, about the size of a grain of rice, is described as the earliest example yet found in the fossil record of a bilaterian. The Triceratops horn bone mentioned previously was also radiocarbon dated with a result of 33,570 years old. Collagen survival and its use for species identification in Holocene-Lower Pleistocene bone fragments from British archaeological and paleontological sites. They do not look for what they believe does not exist. This is why you cannot get the truth from evolutionary “consensus scientists”. She [Schweitzer] acknowledged that one reviewer told her, ‘he didn’t care what the data said: he knew that what I was finding wasn’t possible.’ I wrote back and said, ‘Well, what data would convince you?’ And he said, ‘None.’”. Like other tube worms, vestimentiferans are marine and benthic. Identification of Proteinaceous material in the bone of the dinosaur Iguanodon. Collagen is an essential component of bone, epithelial and other tissues. In opposition to the prediction of Charles Darwin, that no entirely soft tissue organism could be fossilized, we have found hundreds of fossil squids and jellyfish. Again, in 2010, a fossil mosasaur found in Kansas was found to contain decaying skin and red blood cells with original red hemoglobin. Soft fibrillar bone tissue was. These fossil beds are dated by evolutionists as Cambrian (supposedly 508 million years old). The first specimen was dredged from the waters of what is now Indonesia in 1900. (Moczydlowska et al., 2014) The core contained still flexible, proteinaceous remains of marine tube worms. 2011. The fossilized burrows are around 6.5 feet long. Three hadrosaur fossil bones from the Hell Creek Formation and neighboring Lance Formation, supposedly 66 to 100 million years old have been radiocarbon dated as 20,850, 25,550 and 32,420 years old. The tubes are often clustered together in large colonies. In 2003, another team sequenced some non-collagen protein fragments from an Iguanodon bone that was in the collection of the Natural History Museum of London. They can also be found in association with hydrothermal vents, methane seeps, sunken plant material, or whale carcasses. It is not known to be made by microbes. The fossil horn was found in the famous Hell Creek Formation near Glendive, Montana. Siboglinidae is a family of polychaete annelid worms whose members made up the former phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera (the giant tube worms). She [Schweitzer] acknowledged that one reviewer told her, ‘he didn’t care what the data said: he knew that what I was finding wasn’t possible.’ I wrote back and said, ‘Well, what data would convince you?’ And he said, ‘None.’” [Emphasis added], (Yeoman, B. While making recent presentations, I have been receiving more and more questions about whether or not we have found any more soft tissue or flesh in fossils since Dr. Mary Schweitzer found Tyrannosaurus rex red blood cells in 1992 and T. rex flesh in 2005. Giant predatory worms lurked beneath the ancient seafloor, fossils reveal Preserved burrows found in ancient rocks suggest that trap-jaw worms have burst from the sand to … (Scanning electron microscope study of mummified collagen fibers in fossil Tyrannosaurus rex bone. They found collagen, elastin and laminin. Taiwan’s Yehliu Promontory, a cape extending from Taiwan’s northeastern … The half-life is probably much shorter as their method of dating used evolutionary assumptions and the disproven Carbon 14 dating technique.